Key Links
The following websites are linked to selected organizations, publications, and databases relevant to the study of public diplomacy, media, national security, and foreign policy.
Web addresses change frequently. Please send notice of inactive web addresses or suggestions for additional websites to the Public Diplomacy Council at pdi410@gwu.edu
Reports, Publications, Web-based Studies
A New Strategic Direction for U.S. Public Diplomacy in the Arab & Muslim World Ambassador Edward Djerejian's exchange with Council on Foreign Relations Chairman Peter G. Peterson on Changing Minds, Winning Peace, the report of the Advisory Group on Public Diplomacy for the Arab and Muslim World.
American Public Diplomacy & Foreign Policy at a Crossroads In this article published in the Danish web journal Europeans for Security, William P. Kiehl explores the threats plaguing American Public Diplomacy policy.
Broadcasting and American Public Diplomacy William A. Rugh examines US government-sponsored broadcasting projects in the Arab world. He outlines their shortcomings as diplomatic agents and offers strategies for improvement.
Building Public Diplomacy Through a Reformed Structure and Additional Resources Report of the U.S. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, 2002.
Can Humpty Dumpty be Saved William P. Kiehl looks at "the failure of United States public diplomacy" and offers recommendations for organizational change in the Department of State.
Changing Minds, Winning Peace In thisOctober 2003 report, an advisory group led by Ambassador Edward Djerejian finds the US lacks public diplomacy capabilities to meet national security threats emanating from political instability, economic deprivation and extremism. The group calls for new approaches and strategic direction in public diplomacy to the Arab and Muslim worlds. Press release.
Finding America's Voice: A Strategy for Reinvigorating Public Diplomacy Council on Foreign Relations Independent Task Force Report issued September 2003. The Council urges steps to counter a precipitous decline in the US image abroad. Recommendations on public diplomacy structures, budgets, functions, and messages. Emphasis on the role of the private sector. Press release.
Foreign Policy in the Information Age David Rothkopf's in depth analysis, Chapter 9 in the National Defense University's globalization and national security project.
Information Age Diplomacy Proceedings of a National War College/Northwestern University Symposium, Fort McNair, Washington, DC, April 5-6, 2001.
Information Revolution and World Politics Project Reports and links in this Carnegie Endowment project analyze political, economic, and social dimensions of the information revolution and their implications for US policy and global governance.
Internet Access and Training Program Evaluation in Eurasia Conducted by Aguirre International, this evaluation is based on an online survey conducted from October 2004 to November 2004 with 4,324 users of IATP Centers and resources from seven Eurasian countries.
Leveraging Technology in the Service of Diplomacy This PricewaterhouseCoopers E-Government report by Barry Fulton focuses on innovative information technology applications that advance the practice of diplomacy, March 2002.
Managed Information Dissemination Report of a Defense Science Board joint State/Defense Task Force on public diplomacy, psychological operations, and interagency coordination, September 2001. Download from 2001 Reports.
Netdiplomacy A three part series edited by Barry Fulton and published by the US Institute of Peace Virtual Diplomacy Initiative. Twenty-five essays look at the future of diplomacy. Netdiplomacy I, Beyond Foreign Ministries; Netdiplomacy II, Beyond Old Borders; Netdiplomacy III, 2015 and Beyond. Reproduction of an earlier online publication by iMP: The Magazine on Information Impacts.
Public Diplomacy and U.S. Foreign Policy Jerrold Keilson examines public diplomacy in the Foreign Policy AssociationÕs Great Decisions 2004.
Public Diplomacy: A Strategy for Reform Report of a Council on Foreign Relations Independent Task Force chaired by CFR Chairman Peter G. Peterson, July 2002. Recommendations on public diplomacy structures, budgets, functions, and messages. Emphasis on the role of the private sector.
The Purposes and Cross Purposes of Public Diplomacy US diplomat John Brown makes the case for public diplomacy. Historical and current discussion of information, education, culture, and propaganda.
Reinventing Diplomacy in the Information Age Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) Advisory Panel report issued in 1998. Recommendations on the culture of diplomacy, information technologies, public diplomacy, and organizational reforms in the Department of State.
Reinventing Diplomacy: A Virtual Necessity Canadian diplomat Gordon Brown's analysis of diplomacy in the information age in the Virtual Diplomacy series, Washington DC: United States Institute of Peace, February 1999.
Public Diplomacy, US Outreach to Arab World Jim Lehrer NewsHour segment on US broadcasting and public diplomacy. Expanded Online interviews with Tom Dine (RFE/RL), Mamoun Fandy (NDU), Chris Ross (State Department), Gary Thatcher (VOA, Radio Sawa). Audio/video links. February 18, 2002.
Reclaiming America's Voice Overseas Heritage Foundation study (May 2003) by Stephen Johnson and Helle Dale outlines recommendations for the Administration and Congress drawn from their related Backgrounder (April 2003), How to Reinvigorate U.S. Public Diplomacy.
Showing the World America's Best Side In this Baltimore Sun Op-Ed piece, Ambassador William A. Rugh describes why America's public diplomacy efforts must happen at the local level in order to be effective.
State Department Reform Report of a Council on Foreign Relations and Center for Strategic and International Studies Task Force chaired by Frank Carlucci, 2001. Recommends a Òresources for reformÓ strategy to address shortcomings in infrastructure, human resources, budget, management, and interagency process.
Talking with the Islamic World Transcripts of Institute for the Study of Diplomacy panels coordinated by Marjorie Ransom, spring 2002. Session I: The US Image in the Islamic World, Session II: How American and Foreign Media Present America, Session III: Projecting a Positive American Image.
US Commission on National Security/21st Century Hart/Rudman Commission reports: Phase I (1999) describes global trends over the next 25 years and their interplay with US national security. Phase II (2000) devises a US national security strategy to deal with the world in 2025. Phase III (2001) recommends institutional and procedural changes in the Executive and Legislative Branches.
US International Broadcasting GAO Report issued July 2003 finds broadcastings new strategic approach focuses on reaching large audiences but lacks measurable program objectives.
US Public Diplomacy GAO Report issued September 2003 finds State Department has expanded efforts but faces significant challenges, including lack of a public diplomacy strategy that integrates all public diplomacy activities.
What if There is a Revolution in Diplomatic Affairs David Ronfeldt and John Arquilla call for a revolution in diplomacy comparable to the ÒRevolution in Military Affairs,Ó February 1999. Linked to US Institute of Peace Virtual Diplomacy website.
White House Office of Global Communications Executive Order establishing the Office of Global Communications headed by Deputy Assistant to the President for Global Communications, January 21, 2003.
Operation Perfect Storm: The Press and the Iraq War W. Lance Bennett analyzes press cooperation in implementing government communications strategies in the run up to the 2003 Iraq war.
House Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 2004 and 2005 House Committee Rpt.108-105 on HR 1950, passed by the House in July 2003. Division C contains lengthy sections on US public diplomacy and US international broadcasting authorities and funding.
Rep. Henry J. Hyde, "Speaking to Our Silent Allies: Public Diplomacy and U.S. Foreign Policy"
US Foreign Policy Agenda, Electronic Journal of the Department of State, December 2002.
Rep. Henry J. Hyde Floor Statement on H.R. 3969 Statement of House International Relations Committee Chairman Henry J. Hyde, July 22, 2002.
Senate Appropriations Committee Report Senate Committee Report 108-144 directs the Department of State to submit a public diplomacy strategy to Congress no later than March 1, 2004.
Alliance for International Educational and Cultural Exchange The Alliance is an association of nonprofit organizations comprising the international educational and cultural exchange community in the United States. It formulates and promotes public policies that support international exchanges.
Art, Culture, and Diplomacy: Three Links on the Chain of Greater Understanding Remarks by Ambassador Cynthia P. Schneider at the Educating in Paradise Symposium, Florence, October 5, 2000.
Center for Arts and Culture An independent organization that aims to broaden and deepen the national conversation on cultural policies and cultural diplomacy.
Cultural Diplomacy Remarks by Secretary of State Madeleine Albright at a White House dinner for a conference on Cultural Diplomacy, November 29, 2000.
Diplomacy that Works: 'Best Practices' in Cultural Diplomacy Cynthia Schneider, Associate Professor of Art History at Georgetown University and former U.S. Ambassador to the Netherlands, examines the role of cultural diplomacy and provides illustrative examples of successful initiatives.
Fulbright Program Homepage of the Department of StateÕs grant programs for Graduate Students, Scholars and Professionals, and Teachers and Administrators from the U.S. and other countries
Fulbright AssociationMembership organization of Fulbright alumni and supporters.
Department of State
Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs Homepage for State DepartmentÕs educational and cultural exchange programs. Fulbright exchanges, International Visitor programs, English language teaching, and other programs.
Foreign Press Centers Homepage for State Department foreign press centers in Washington, New York, and Los Angeles. Upcoming briefings, Òuseful links for journalists,Ó key government reports, Congressional Reference Service reports.
Foreign Media Reaction A daily global round-up of editorial and op-ed reaction to major foreign policy issues and events. Reports include commentary -- sorted by country and region -- from major newspapers, magazines and broadcast media.
State Department International Information ProgramsHomepage for StateÕs main public diplomacy programs website. Links to official texts, electronic journals, policy statements, US embassy websites. In English, Arabic, French, Spanish, and Chinese.
Response to Terrorism Homepage for State Department public diplomacy programs on terrorism. Links to official statements, report, fact sheets, photos, and e-journal.
State Department Electronic Mail Website for StateÕs subscription services. E-mail lists for daily press briefings, speeches, fact sheets, Secretary's schedule, country background notes, and other materials. Estimates of number of e-mails generated per category per month.
State Department Homepage State's domestic homepage. Links to websites of key bureaus, daily press briefings, country background notes, travel warnings.
State Department Policy Planning Staff Links to speeches by Director Mitchell B. Reiss, Congressional testimony on policy issues, and information on key staff.
Media
American Journalism Review Archives of current and past articles.
AJR Newslink Links to 9,000 newspaper, magazine, radio/tv broadcasters, and news service Internet sites worldwide.
BBC Homepage British Broadcasting Corporation's Online links to news, information, and the BBC World Service.
CNN Homepage Cable News Network's main page with links to world and US news, CNN's allpolitics website, and cnnfn, CNN's financial news website.
Columbia Journalism Review Publication of the Columbia Graduate School of Journalism. Contains current and past articles, links to 11,000 newspapers in the US and Canada, and a magazine data base.
NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, Media Watch Program NewsHour programs hosted by media correspondent Terence Smith, a valuable resource for this course. Programs analyze news, trends, issues, and controversies involving information industries, the mainstream press and television, alternative media, and the Internet. E-mail subscription option for upcoming NewsHour media segments and online features.
NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, Media Reports Archives Links to past Media Watch programs from June, 1996 to present.
NewsHour with Jim Lehrer Homepage NewsHour's main website with links to transcripts of past programs. Many are on foreign affairs issues.
Poynter.org Website of the Poynter Institute. Links to articles, reports, and seminars on journalism and the media.
International Broadcasting
Broadcasting Board of Governors Homepage of the bipartisan governing board for non-military US International broadcasting services: Voice of America, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio Free Asia, Radio/TV Marti, and Radio Sawa.
Broadcasting Board of Governors The BBG takes issue with the ÒDjerejian report'sÓ views and questions on Radio Sawa and the proposed Middle East Television Network in Changing Minds, Winning Peace, a Report Released by the U.S. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy," October 9, 2003
Radio Free Asia Homepage of the Congressionally-funded Radio Free Asia. Includes links to language service websites.
Radio Sawa Homepage of US International BroadcastingÕs Arabic language service.
RFE/RL Homepage of the Congressionally-funded Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Includes links to RFE/RL language services and Radio Free Iraq.
Voice of America Homepage of US GovernmentÕs international broadcasting network. Links to VOAnews.com, VOAÕs language services, and VOAÕs pronunciation guide.
Think Tanks, Educational Institutes, Advocacy Groups
American Academy of Diplomacy A private, non-profit, non-partisan organization devoted to improving the quality of American public diplomacy. The site provides links to their programs, publications, awards, and related sites.
Brookings Institution Links to transcripts of programs on media, public diplomacy, and foreign policy issues.
Council on Foreign Relations Homepage of the Council on Foreign Relations. Links to Task Force reports, regional and topical issues.
Carnegie Endowment Homepage of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Center for Next Generation Internet Non-profit industry organization that analyzes "over the horizon" developments associated with the Internet. Includes data on global Internet trends and presentations by Internet guru Anthony Rutkowski.
Diplo International network of institutions devoted to education, projects, news, resources, web management and technology tools for the creation and dissemination of information and knowledge for diplomacy and international relations.
Europemedia.Net Tracks European Internet and new media developments on a pan-European level and country-by-country.
Federation of American Scientists Links to studies, reports, and FAS initiatives on national security, intelligence, arms control and other issues. Excellent site for National Security Presidential Directives.
Freedom ForumA nonpartisan, international foundation dedicated to a free press. The foundation sponsors conferences, educational activities, publishing, broadcasting, online services, fellowships and other programs.
Global Century Project National Defense UniversityÕs multi-volume study of strategic implications of globalization and priorities in national security policy.
Heritage Foundation Conservative think tank that publishes research on domestic, economic, foreign and defense issues.
Institute of Communications Studies, University of Leeds Links to a variety of websites on journalism, broadcasting, the Internet, government information websites, and academic resources.
Internet Society (ISOC) Professional society with 150 organizational and 6,000 individual members in over 100 countries. ISOC addresses issues that confront the future of the Internet and Internet infrastructure standards.
Pew Research Center for the People and the Press Independent opinion research group that studies attitudes toward the press, politics, and public policy issues. Conducts national surveys that measure public attentiveness to major news stories, and polling that charts trends in values and fundamental political and social attitudes.
Project for Excellence in Journalism An initiative by journalists to clarify and raise the standards of American journalism. Links to Committee of Concerned Journalists and State of the American Newspaper Project.
Philip M. Taylor's Communications Studies Links Professor Taylor's Leeds University website contains links to a variety of sites on international news, public affairs, public diplomacy, military/media issues, propaganda, and information warfare.
Project for Excellence in Journalism Affiliated with the Columbia Graduate School of Journalism, the Project is an initiative by journalists from all media to clarify and raise the standards of American journalism.
NUA Internet Surveys Online source for information on Internet demographics and trends. NuaÕs ÒHow Many OnlineÓ link contains current estimates of global Internet user population, based on extensive examination of surveys and reports from around the world.
ReliefWeb Project of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). Online information on natural disasters and complex emergencies. Mandate is to strengthen the response capacity of the humanitarian relief community through the timely dissemination of reliable information on response, preparedness and disaster prevention.
Robert McCormick Tribune Foundation The Foundation's Journalism Program funds programs and publications on news media coverage of national security issues and efforts to increase understanding between the military and media.
USC Center on Public Diplomacy An academic organization that offers educational resources, conducts research, and develops new models for effective action in the field of public diplomacy.
Virtual Diplomacy Initiative US Institute for Peace project that explores the role of information and communication technologies in diplomacy and international relations. Emphasis is on international conflict management and resolution. Links to useful reports and Virtual Diplomacy discussion list. Directed by Sheryl Brown and Margarita Studemeister.
Wilson CenterHomepage of the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars.
US Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy Bipartisan Presidential panel created by Congress to oversee public diplomacy programs. Links to Commission reports.
State of the American Newspaper Analytical articles on newspapers sponsored by the Committee of Concerned Journalists.
Teledesic Teledesic is building a Òglobal, broadband Internet-in-the-SkyÓ for "fiber-like" access to computer networking, broadband Internet access, interactive multi-media, and high quality voice and digital data communications.
The Information Society An international print and Online journal that analyzes policies, system concepts, and methodologies related to information technologies and changes in society and culture.
TILAN Trends in Latin America Networking documents Internet expansion in Latin America. An initiative of the University of Texas' Latin American Network, TILAN provides access to statistical data, information, and analysis.
Unit for Internet Studies Website dedicated to analysis of the Internet and its implications for international relations in theory and practice. Objectives are to collate research and researchers, generate debate and exchange of ideas.
USIA Alumni Association Links to articles, definitions of public diplomacy, and information on the former US Information Agency.
US Government
Central Intelligence Agency Links to National Intelligence Council reports, FOIA electronic reading room, and other websites.
Intelligence Community Links to 13 government agencies and organizations that carry out US government intelligence activities.
Thomas Ð US Congress on the Internet Contains bills, legislation, committees, hearing schedules, floor schedules, and other information.
USAID Website for the US Agency for International Development.
USAID Leland Initiative A US Agency for International Development program that seeks to extend full Internet connectivity in African countries.
US Department of Defense DOD's DefenseLink homepage provides access to defense news and public affairs information on defense-related matters.
US Institute of Peace Homepage with links to the Institute's programs and reports.
US Institute of Peace Virtual Diplomacy Initiative Information and publications linked to the Institutes Virtual Diplomacy Initiative's efforts to explore the role of information and communications technologies in the conduct of diplomacy and international conflict management and resolution.
General Reference Sites
Bartleby.com Literature, quotations, definitions, books Online.
CIA World Factbook Resource on 250 countries and other entities. Includes maps, definitions, Online directory of chiefs of state and foreign cabinet ministers.
FirstGov.gov This website is a "private-public partnership" with a vision to connect "the world to all US Government information and services."
RefDesk.com All purpose reference website with links to a wide variety of news websites and factual information.
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